Features of planting and caring for grapes in the Moscow region

"Astronauts and dreamers assert that apple trees will bloom on Mars," the words of the famous song are confirmed by enthusiasts. Gardeners and scientists of the Moscow region consider planting and caring for grapes as a promising direction. New varieties and forms of grapes are being tested, which can be grown even in Siberia. The Moscow region has become a testing ground for the promotion of grapes to the north.

Difficulties of growing grapes in the Moscow region

Grapes have long been grown on the southern slopes in countries with warm climates. Enthusiasts gradually spread the vine northward. However, in Moscow latitudes, the culture could not give a full harvest. There were not enough sunny days, a warm period for the ripening of the bunch. As an ornamental culture for arches, arbors, grapes have been used for a long time, but now there are varieties of super-early and early selection, allowing you to get ripe bunches and wood prepared for wintering.

The grapes are given a place protected from cold winds, open to sunlight. The grape bush is especially undemanding to the soil, but top dressing accelerates the development of the vine and the ripening of the berries. Whether an amateur will get a grape harvest in the Moscow region depends on many factors:

• choice of landing site;
• choice of variety or shape;
• correct fit;
• plant care.

The grape bush is endowed with "smart" roots that will adapt to any soil, except swampy ones. In the conditions of the Moscow region, the seedling is planted with a slope to the ground, in order to cover it later for the winter.

The landing site can be the southern wall of the building. Moreover, the landing pits are made at a distance of 1 meter from the wall. Each shrub is designed to be planted with the best lighting throughout the day. It is necessary to choose grape seedlings for the Moscow region. Varieties are divided according to many characteristics. For the Moscow region, the selection of varieties with the characteristics of ultra-early, super-early and early will become relevant. The rest of the grape varieties in the Moscow region do not ripen.

The frost resistance indicator will be decisive for the Moscow region. It is necessary to choose seedlings belonging to the first group of resistance, which can withstand frosts up to 35 degrees and above. However, for the Moscow region, uncovered grape varieties are recommended to be insulated for the winter.

The landing pit is prepared with depth depending on the nature of the soil. The depth of the pit is prepared depending on the density of the soil, from 20 to 50 cm. After planting the plant, the hole is compacted and watered with warm water. Organic fertilizers, superphosphate, wood ash, potassium nitrate must be added to the filling mixture.

Before the material is planted, it must be prepared. It is necessary to remove the non-preserved roots of the seedling and dip the roots into a chatter box from one part of the fermented mullein and two volumes of clay. Cut the upper part of the trunk along the shoots into two buds and lower it into melted paraffin or wax. The prepared seedling should be arranged obliquely so that later, lowering the vine for cover for the winter, does not break it off. Young plants should be watered before rooting and allowed to start forming only two vines.

Vineyard care in the Moscow region

Young shoots of grapes freeze even with slight cold snaps typical for the region. Therefore, to guarantee the safety, even winter-hardy varieties must be covered for the winter for safety.Here it is necessary to observe the measure, since improper cover can cause putrefactive diseases of the stems, which will also lead to death. Shelter of grapes in the Moscow region is done when the temperature is stable below zero.

Spring chores begin with the release of the vine from the shelter. At the same time, the branches are freed from the load gradually. First, a layer of earth is removed, then gradually in the daytime the bush is ventilated, again covered at night. Open completely early, may damage frost. To overexpose a plant under cover - to get a dead plant that has grown dry. After opening the bushes, vineyard care in the Moscow region is carried out in the following areas:

• the formation of a grape bush;
• feeding and watering the plant;
• treatment against pests and diseases;

All the operations carried out on a green bush, and the lesson on how to care for grapes, the video at the end of the article clearly presents with a detailed explanation.

Only the experience gained in the process of growing vines will help to carry out work with understanding, and therefore, creatively. Pruning bushes is needed in order to prevent shoots that are not working for the harvest. Each leaf of the plant should be as bright as possible during the day. Shoots that will not bear fruit should be harvested and the crop regulated on the bush. If a lot of brushes are tied, they will not have time to ripen, the berries will be small and tasteless. A young bush is formed by such an operation. To mature, help to keep the right number of brushes.

From the very beginning of spring growth, the bush needs a trellis to which it is tied or attached with a mustache. These can be any stable structures, and even frames for architectural forms. It is only necessary to provide for a way to lay the vines under cover in autumn. Tapestries are installed with one row of wire or double.

Green summer operations in the cultivation of grapes in the Moscow region are:

• fragment of green shoots;
• pinching;
• pinching the tops.

Watering the grapes is done along the grooves at a distance from the trunk. The roots do not like sudden changes in nutrition and humidity conditions.

The vineyard is watered along the grooves between the bushes. If the plant is alone, then the groove must be made at a distance from the trunk, since direct moistening will violate the root regime. Watering needed at the beginning of the growing season, when the green mass is growing and the berries are being poured. In August, you do not need to water, the berries should gain flavor.

Top dressing for grapes in the Moscow region is necessary during the summer. Use organics in early summer for the development of the bush. Later, phosphorus is required and potash fertilizers, preferably in the form of potassium salt without nitrogen. Top dressing is combined with irrigation along the grooves. The plant is supported by foliar feeding during the growing season, combining them with fungicidal treatments. Compatible forms of trace elements are selected.

During the season, 4 complex fertilizing is carried out and, if necessary, processed when diseases and pests appear.

Grape varieties for the Moscow region

Of the many varieties that are currently zoned in the Moscow region, a variety for beginners attracts attention. The American variety Alpha was created as if for them. Withstands frost at 40 ⁰, fruitful, early. The berries are black, tasty. The vine has time to ripen. Disadvantage, the berries are sour, but good for cooking.

The Amursky variety, on the contrary, is very sweet, ultra-early, withstands frost up to 42 ⁰... On a ten-point scale of taste, it has 8.7 points, which is very good. The bush is resistant to diseases, ripens well, is suitable for the design of light architectural forms, hibernates under a piece of roofing material.

Of the light amber varieties, one should pay attention to the Kay Gray variety. The hybrid is very powerful, fruitful and resistant to all known vineyard diseases.

The described grape varieties for the Moscow region are not covered, and, therefore, there will be less hassle in preparing the garden for winter.

Video about caring for grapes